IkhathalogiEmkhakheni wokuxhumana okungenantambo, ngokwandiswa kwama-smart terminals kanye nokukhula okukhulu kwesidingo sesevisi yedatha, ukushoda kwezinsizakusebenza ze-spectrum sekuyinkinga imboni okudingeka iyixazulule ngokushesha. Indlela yendabuko yokwabiwa kwe-spectrum isekelwe kakhulu kuma-frequency band angaguquki, okungagcini nje ngokubangela ukumoshwa kwezinsizakusebenza, kodwa futhi kukhawulela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bomsakazo we-cognitive kunikeza ikhambi eliguqukayo lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectrum. Ngokubona imvelo kanye nokulungisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum ngokuguquguqukayo, umsakazo we-cognitive ungabona ukwabiwa okuhlakaniphile kwezinsizakusebenza ze-spectrum. Kodwa-ke, ukwabelana nge-spectrum kubo bonke opharetha kusabhekene nezinselele eziningi ezisebenzayo ngenxa yobunzima bokushintshana kolwazi kanye nokuphathwa kokuphazamiseka.
Kulesi simo, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela imisakazo eminingi (i-RAN) yomqhubi oyedwa ibhekwa njengesimo esifanele sokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda. Ngokungafani nokwabelana ngemisakazo phakathi kwabaqhubi, umsebenzisi oyedwa angafinyelela ukwabiwa kahle kwezinsizakusebenza zemisakazo ngokwabelana ngolwazi okuseduze kanye nokuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe, ngenkathi kunciphisa ubunzima bokulawula ukuphazamiseka. Le ndlela ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi iyonke, kodwa futhi inikeze ithuba lokuphathwa ngobuhlakani kwezinsizakusebenza zemisakazo.
Endaweni yenethiwekhi yomqhubi oyedwa, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda kungadlala indima enkulu. Okokuqala, ukwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi kubushelelezi. Njengoba zonke iziteshi eziyisisekelo nama-node okufinyelela kuphathwa yi-opharetha efanayo, uhlelo lungathola ulwazi olubalulekile njengendawo yesiteshi esiyisisekelo, isimo sesiteshi, kanye nokusatshalaliswa komsebenzisi ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusekelwa kwedatha okuphelele nokunembile kunikeza isisekelo esithembekile sokwabiwa kwe-spectrum enamandla.
Okwesibili, indlela yokuxhumanisa izinsiza ezihlanganisiwe ingenza ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectrum. Ngokwethula i-node yokuphatha ephakathi, opharetha bangakwazi ukulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo isu lokwabiwa kwe-spectrum ngokwezidingo zenethiwekhi yesikhathi sangempela. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu, izinsiza ezengeziwe ze-spectrum zingabelwa ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kuqala, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukwabiwa kwe-spectrum yabantu abaphansi kwezinye izindawo, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okuguquguqukayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kokuphazamiseka ngaphakathi kwe-opharetha eyodwa kulula kakhulu. Njengoba wonke amanethiwekhi elawulwa uhlelo olufanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum kungahlelwa ngendlela efanayo ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwendlela yokuxhumana ekwabelaneni kwe-spectrum yendabuko ye-cross-opharetha. Lokhu kufana akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kohlelo, kodwa futhi kunikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa amasu okuhlela i-spectrum ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Nakuba isimo sokusetshenziswa komsakazo wokuqonda komuntu oyedwa sinezinzuzo ezibalulekile, izinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe kusadingeka zinqotshwe. Eyokuqala ukunemba kokuzwa kwe-spectrum. Ubuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda budinga ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum kunethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi buphendule ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingenantambo zingaholela olwazini olungalungile lwesimo sesiteshi, oluthinta ukusebenza kahle kokwabiwa kwe-spectrum. Kulokhu, ukuthembeka kanye nesivinini sokuphendula kokubona kwe-spectrum kungathuthukiswa ngokwethula ama-algorithms okufunda komshini athuthukile kakhulu.
Okwesibili ubunzima bokusabalalisa izindlela eziningi kanye nokuphathwa kokuphazamiseka. Ezimweni zabasebenzisi abaningi, ukusabalala kwezimpawu ngezindlela eziningi kungaholela ezingxabanweni ekusetshenzisweni kwe-spectrum. Ngokwenza ngcono imodeli yokuphazamiseka kanye nokwethula indlela yokuxhumana ngokubambisana, umthelela omubi wokusabalala kwezindlela eziningi ekwabiweni kwe-spectrum ungancishiswa kakhulu.
Okokugcina ubunzima bokubala bokwabiwa kwe-spectrum eguquguqukayo. Kunethiwekhi enkulu ye-opharetha oyedwa, ukwenza ngcono ngesikhathi sangempela ukwabiwa kwe-spectrum kudinga ukucubungula inani elikhulu ledatha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwakheka kwekhompyutha okusatshalaliswayo kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlukaniswe umsebenzi wokwabiwa kwe-spectrum esiteshini ngasinye sesisekelo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ingcindezi yokubala okuphakathi.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela yemisakazo eminingi yomqhubi oyedwa akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza ze-spectrum, kodwa futhi kubeka isisekelo sokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi yobuhlakani besikhathi esizayo. Emikhakheni yekhaya elihlakaniphile, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo, i-Internet of Things yezimboni, njll., ukwabiwa kwe-spectrum okusebenzayo kanye nezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ye-low-latency kuyizidingo ezibalulekile. Ubuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda bomqhubi oyedwa buhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okuhle kakhulu kulezi zimo ngokuphathwa kwezinsiza okusebenzayo kanye nokulawula ukuphazamiseka okunembile.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngokukhuthazwa kwamanethiwekhi e-5G kanye ne-6G kanye nokusetshenziswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ubuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda bomqhubi oyedwa kulindeleke ukuthi buthuthukiswe kakhulu. Ngokwethula ama-algorithms ahlakaniphe kakhulu, njengokufunda okujulile nokufunda kokuqinisa, ukwabiwa okuhle kwezinsizakusebenza ze-spectrum kungatholakala endaweni yenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwanda kwesidingo sokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela kuma-radio amaningi yomqhubi oyedwa nayo ingandiswa ukuze isekele ukuxhumana kwamamodi amaningi kanye nokuxhumana ngokubambisana phakathi kwamadivayisi, okuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
Ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kwezinsizakusebenza ze-spectrum kuyisihloko esiyinhloko emkhakheni wokuxhumana okungenantambo. Ubuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda we-single opharetha buhlinzeka ngendlela entsha yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum ngokulula kwayo kokwabelana ngolwazi, ukusebenza kahle kokuxhumanisa izinsizakusebenza, kanye nokulawulwa kokuphathwa kokuphazamiseka. Nakuba izinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe kusadingeka zinqotshwe ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, izinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye namathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa kwenza kube isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenantambo besikhathi esizayo. Enkambisweni yokuhlola nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo, lobu buchwepheshe buzosiza ukuxhumana okungenantambo ukuthi kuqhubekele phambili ekusaseni elisebenza kahle nelihlakaniphile.
(Ingcaphuno evela ku-inthanethi, sicela uxhumane nathi ukuze usule uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-20-2024
