Emkhakheni wezokuxhumana okungenantambo, ngokuthandwa kakhulu kwamatheminali ahlakaniphile kanye nokukhula okukhulu kwesidingo sesevisi yedatha, ukushoda kwezinsiza ze-spectrum sekuyinkinga imboni edinga ukuyixazulula ngokushesha. Indlela yokwabiwa kwe-spectrum evamile isekelwe ikakhulukazi kumabhendi efrikhwensi engashintshi, engadali nje ukumoshwa kwezinsiza, kodwa futhi ikhawulela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda kunikeza isixazululo soguquko sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum. Ngokuzwa indawo ezungezile nokulungisa ngokuguqukayo ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum, umsakazo wokuqonda ungabona ukwabiwa okuhlakaniphile kwezinsiza ze-spectrum. Kodwa-ke, ukwabelana nge-spectrum kubo bonke o-opharetha kusabhekene nezinselelo eziningi ezisebenzayo ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bokushintshisana ngolwazi nokulawulwa kokuphazamiseka.
Kulo mongo, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela yerediyo eminingi yesisebenzisi esisodwa (i-RAN) ithathwa njengesimo esikahle sokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe berediyo yengqondo. Ngokungafani nokwabelana kwe-spectrum kuwo wonke ama-opharetha, u-opharetha oyedwa angakwazi ukuzuza ukwabiwa okuphumelelayo kwezinsiza ze-spectrum ngokwabelana ngolwazi oluseduze nokuphatha okumaphakathi, kuyilapho enciphisa inkimbinkimbi yokulawula ukuphazamiseka. Le ndlela ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwenethiwekhi, kodwa futhi inikeze ithuba lokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kwezinsiza ze-spectrum.
Endaweni yenethiwekhi yomsebenzisi oyedwa, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bomsakazo wokuqonda kungadlala indima enkulu. Okokuqala, ukwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi kulula. Njengoba zonke iziteshi eziyisisekelo namanodi okufinyelela aphethwe u-opharetha ofanayo, isistimu ingathola ulwazi olubalulekile njengendawo eyisisekelo yesiteshi, isimo sesiteshi, nokusatshalaliswa komsebenzisi ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusekelwa kwedatha okuphelele nokunembile kunikeza isisekelo esithembekile sokwabiwa kwe-dynamic spectrum.
Okwesibili, indlela yokuxhumanisa imithombo emaphakathi ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum. Ngokwethula indawo yokuphatha emaphakathi, opharetha bangakwazi ukulungisa ngokuguqukayo isu lokwabiwa kwe-spectrum ngokuya ngezidingo zenethiwekhi zesikhathi sangempela. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme, izinsiza eziningi ze-spectrum zingabelwa izindawo eziminyene abasebenzisi kuqala, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukwabiwa kwe-spectrum enomthamo ophansi kwezinye izindawo, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivumelana nezimo.
Ukwengeza, ukulawula ukuphazamiseka ku-opharetha oyedwa kulula. Njengoba wonke amanethiwekhi engaphansi kokulawulwa kwesistimu efanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum kungahlelwa ngokufanayo ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwendlela yokuxhumanisa ekwabelaneni kwe-spectrum ye-cross-operator. Lokhu kufana akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukuzinza kwesistimu, kodwa futhi kunikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa amasu okuhlela ama-spectrum ayinkimbinkimbi.
Nakuba isimo sohlelo lokusebenza lwerediyo yengqondo yomsebenzisi oyedwa sinezinzuzo ezibalulekile, izinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe zisadinga ukunqotshwa. Okokuqala ukunemba kokuzwa kwe-spectrum. Ubuchwepheshe berediyo yengqondo budinga ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum kunethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi buphendule ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingenazintambo zingase ziholele olwazini lwesimo sesiteshi olungalungile, oluthinta ukusebenza kahle kokwabiwa kwe-spectrum. Mayelana nalokhu, ukwethembeka nesivinini sokuphendula sokubona kwe-spectrum kungathuthukiswa ngokwethula ama-algorithms okufunda omshini athuthuke kakhulu.
Okwesibili ubunkimbinkimbi bokusakazwa kwezindlela eziningi kanye nokulawulwa kokuphazanyiswa. Ezimeni zabasebenzisi abaningi, ukusakazwa kwezimpawu eziningi kungaholela ekungqubuzaneni ekusetshenzisweni kwe-spectrum. Ngokuthuthukisa imodeli yokuphazamiseka kanye nokwethula indlela yokuxhumana ngokubambisana, umthelela ongemuhle wokusakazeka kwezindlela eziningi ekwabiweni kwe-spectrum ungancishiswa nakakhulu.
Okokugcina inkimbinkimbi yokubala yokwabiwa kwe-dynamic spectrum. Kunethiwekhi enkulu yesisebenzisi esisodwa, ukulungiselelwa kwesikhathi sangempela sokwabiwa kwe-spectrum kudinga ukucubungula inani elikhulu ledatha. Kuze kube manje, i-architecture yekhompuyutha esabalalisiwe ingamukelwa ukuze ibole umsebenzi wokwabiwa kwe-spectrum esiteshini ngasinye esiyisisekelo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukucindezela kwekhompuyutha emaphakathi.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe berediyo yengqondo kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela yemisakazo eminingi yomsebenzisi oyedwa angeke nje kuthuthukise ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-spectrum, kodwa futhi kubeke isisekelo sokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okuhlakaniphile kwesikhathi esizayo. Emkhakheni wekhaya elihlakaniphile, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo, I-inthanethi Yezimboni Yezinto, njll., ukwabiwa kwe-spectrum okusebenzayo kanye nezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ezibambezeleka kancane ziyizidingo ezibalulekile. Ubuchwepheshe berediyo yengqondo yomsebenzisi oyedwa buhlinzeka ngokusekela kwezobuchwepheshe okufanelekile kwalezi zimo ngokuphathwa kwensiza okuphumelelayo nokulawula ukuphazamiseka okunembayo.
Ngokuzayo, ngokukhuthazwa kwamanethiwekhi e-5G kanye ne-6G kanye nokusetshenziswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ubuchwepheshe bomsakazo bokuqonda bomsebenzisi oyedwa kulindeleke ukuthi buthuthukiswe ngokwengeziwe. Ngokwethula ama-algorithms ahlakaniphe kakhulu, njengokufunda okujulile nokufunda kokuqinisa, ukwabiwa okuphelele kwezinsiza ze-spectrum kungafinyelelwa endaweni yenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwengeza, ngokwanda kwesidingo sokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela ye-multi-radio yomqhubi oyedwa ingabuye inwetshwe ukuze isekele ukuxhumana kwemodi eminingi kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzisana phakathi kwamadivayisi, ngokuqhubekayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
Ukuphatha ngobuhlakani izinsiza ze-spectrum kuyisihloko esiwumgogodla emkhakheni wezokuxhumana okungenantambo. Ubuchwepheshe berediyo yengqondo yomsebenzisi oyedwa buhlinzeka ngendlela entsha yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum ngokulula kwayo ukwabelana ngolwazi, ukusebenza kahle kokuxhumana kwensiza, kanye nokulawulwa kokulawulwa kokuphazamiseka. Nakuba izinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe zisadinga ukunqotshwa ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo, izinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye namathemba okusebenza okubanzi kuyenza ibe inkomba ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenazintambo esikhathini esizayo. Enqubweni yokuhlola okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza kahle, lobu buchwepheshe buzosiza ezokuxhumana ezingenazintambo ziye ekusaseni elisebenza kahle nelihlakaniphile.
(Ingcaphuno evela ku-inthanethi, sicela usithinte ukuze sisuswe uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-20-2024
